Parish Nursing: A Novel and Easy Access to Territorial Care for Patients’ Management and Primary Care Empowerment in Italy

For nursing students

Study summary

This study looks at parish nursing, a community-based care model that has recently been introduced in Italy's Marche Region as a way to help people reach healthcare services more easily. Parish nursing agencies are set up in local communities, often connected to faith organizations, and staffed by nurses who help residents navigate the health system, monitor basic health measures, and get information. The idea behind the model is simple: when a formal, hospital-centred health system is hard to access, a nurse working directly in the neighbourhood can close some of that gap. The researchers wanted to find out who actually uses this kind of service, what they use it for, and whether they are satisfied with it.

To answer these questions, the research team designed a quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory study. They collected original data using an anonymous questionnaire that clients of one parish nursing agency in the Marche Region filled out. Because the data was gathered at a single point in time from clients of one agency, this is considered a snapshot study rather than one that tracks people over months or years. The responses were analyzed with descriptive statistics, meaning the researchers summarized patterns in the data (percentages, counts) rather than testing complex statistical models.

Eighty-two people took part. Most of them, 77%, came to the agency on their own without help, while 23% arrived with a caregiver. Among the group who came without a caregiver, 24% were foreign-born, a proportion the authors describe as significantly higher than the average for the surrounding region. This detail is important: it suggests the parish nursing agency may be reaching immigrant residents who might otherwise face extra barriers to care, such as unfamiliarity with the local health system or language differences. The study also found that most users had a relatively high level of education and that most were managing at least one chronic health condition, showing that parish nursing was not simply serving people with no other options, but a broad mix of community members with ongoing health needs.

When it came to what people actually wanted from the service, three needs stood out again and again: help booking medical appointments, having their vital signs checked (like blood pressure or blood glucose), and getting clear health information they could understand and use. These are all fairly simple, low-technology tasks, but they represent real, everyday obstacles for people trying to manage chronic illness or navigate a health system that can feel confusing or slow.

Satisfaction with the service was very high. Eighty-three percent of users rated their experience as "excellent," and the remaining 17% rated it as "satisfying." No one in the sample reported a negative or neutral experience, at least based on the categories the authors reported.

The authors are careful to describe these as preliminary findings rather than definitive proof that parish nursing works. Still, they argue that the results support the idea that parish nursing can offer accessible, person-centred, and well-received care to a socioeconomically and educationally diverse group of people, including some who might be considered vulnerable, such as newer immigrants and people managing chronic disease. The authors suggest that policymakers thinking about how to strengthen primary care and community health services could consider parish nursing agencies as one piece of that puzzle.

For Canadian nursing students, this study is a useful example of how community and faith-based nursing roles can extend the reach of primary care, something that is also relevant in Canada, where rural, remote, and underserved urban populations often face similar access barriers. It is also a good example of a small, exploratory study: it raises promising signals about a care model but does not, on its own, prove the model is effective at improving health outcomes. Reading this kind of research critically means noticing both what the data can tell us, such as who uses the service and how satisfied they are, and what it cannot tell us, such as whether health outcomes actually improved. That distinction is a core skill in evidence-based nursing practice.

For educators

Teaching and appraisal notes

This paper reports a single-site, cross-sectional, exploratory quantitative study examining a parish nursing agency operating in Italy's Marche Region. Parish nursing, historically associated with faith-community health outreach, is framed here as an emerging territorial care strategy intended to widen access to primary care and community-based services in a region where reaching formal healthcare can be difficult for some residents. The study's purpose was descriptive: to characterize the socio-demographic profile, service utilization patterns, and satisfaction levels of people who used the agency, using an anonymous client questionnaire analyzed with descriptive statistics.

The sample consisted of 82 participants, a modest number appropriate for an exploratory pilot but insufficient to support inferential claims. Seventy-seven percent attended independently and 23% were accompanied by a caregiver. Within the unaccompanied subgroup, 24% were foreign-born, a proportion the authors note as significantly higher than the regional average, though the paper (based on the available abstract) does not specify the statistical test used to establish that comparison. This finding is worth flagging for discussion: it is suggestive of the agency reaching an underserved population, but instructors should prompt students to ask what comparison data and test were used, since the abstract states significance without detailing methodology.

Most users reported a relatively high educational level and at least one chronic condition, and the three most requested services were help scheduling medical appointments, vital-sign monitoring, and general health information. These utilization patterns point to parish nursing functioning as a low-barrier access and navigation point rather than a substitute for clinical or specialist care, complementary to, rather than competing with, primary care.

Satisfaction was uniformly high, 83% rating the service "excellent" and 17% "satisfying," with no lower ratings reported. High satisfaction in a self-selected, single-site convenience sample should be interpreted cautiously; it reflects the experience of people who chose to use and complete a survey about a free or low-barrier community service, which is a population prone to positive response bias.

Good discussion points for a research-appraisal seminar include: the cross-sectional, single-agency design limits generalizability to other parish nursing programs or regions; the descriptive-only analysis cannot establish causal links between parish nursing contact and any health outcome; the questionnaire's validity and reliability are not described in the abstract; and the absence of a comparison group (for example, similar clients not using parish nursing) means satisfaction and utilization data stand alone rather than being benchmarked. Faculty may also want to connect this study to Italy's broader Family and Community Nurse model, introduced nationally in Italian health reforms, and to Canadian equivalents such as community health centres, outreach nursing, and faith-based health ministries serving rural and immigrant populations, drawing parallels and contrasts in structure, funding, and scope of practice.

The authors' conclusion, that parish nursing may be a valuable component of health policy discussions around territorial and person-centred care, is appropriately hedged as preliminary. This paper is best used in class as a model of an early-stage, hypothesis-generating study: strong on descriptive characterization of an under-studied care model, but not yet positioned to demonstrate effectiveness, and a good vehicle for teaching students to separate what a small exploratory study can and cannot claim.